How do you know if you’ve successfully understood a passage of Scripture?
It helps to begin by understanding and embracing these basic interpretative convictions:
- The author’s intended meaning is crucial.
- The Bible is in some ways no ordinary book: God inspires it, without error, and it is authoritative.
- In the way we understand its meaning, the Bible is ordinary. It conveys meaning through normal, human communication from a human author to a particular human audience.
- When we know the human author’s intended meaning, we also know God’s intended meaning.
- The goal of biblical interpretation (exegesis) is to uncover the author’s intended meaning to his original audience.
- After understanding the author, we draw principles from the text which we apply to life today.
Consider these points from chapter 3 of Bob Smith’s Basics of Bible Interpretation:
Sermonizing is not Bible study.
Sermons are often emotional, motivational appeals to action. Teachers frequently springboard off phrases in the text into platitudes and catchy stories designed to inspire us to the chosen call of action. At their worst, these stories have nothing to do with the Scripture read. As Smith writes: “The speaker wheeled back and forth like an eagle over the text but he never came to rest upon it.”
Whipping up three or four good exhortations from a text is not Bible study.
Exhortations are great, as long as they come from the passage at hand. Often they are merely calls to action and repentance. As Smith writes: “After the text was read there issued a torrent of words exhorting us to five different things. God knows that we needed at least ten exhortations, but God also knows that the relationship of the text to the exhortations was completely accidental.”
Academic exegesis is not Bible study.
While most sermons today don’t regale us with their understanding of the aorist or the jussive, they often regale us with their scholarly analysis of popular culture, psychology, and research statistics. Again, impressive, but not the goal of bible study.
Propagandizing is not Bible Study.
Smith wrote it best: “Like the fingers of the pianist race up and down the keyboard, so his fingers raced through the Bible, finding the relevant verses. Plunk, ping, plunk! It did not take long before I realized we were not having Bible study but a party line. The Bible was a keyboard, and the teacher was playing his own tune upon it.”
Pious observations are not Bible study.
Smith again: “The poor man of God does everything but explain the text. I got 30 minutes of various and diverse unrelated and uninspiring pious observations. Each observation was a worthy one. But the passage itself remained untouched. We had been all around the text but never in it.”
Smith concludes:
“The actual goal of Bible study is to convey the meaning to the people of a set number of verses. …. The heart of Bible study must always be the matter of meaning. The first question of Bible study is not: ‘What is devotional here?’ nor’ What is of practical importance here?’ nor ‘What is inspirational here?’ but ‘What does this passage mean?’”
If you’re looking for a refresher course on Bible study or to begin learning how to study, Basics of Bible Interpretation by Bob Smith is still a good choice and it’s now free online.
Photo by Eilis Garvey on Unsplash