Romans Bible Study Resources

by | Feb 26, 2017 | 02 Library, Resources by Book, Romans

Romans Bible Study Resources: Study questions, maps, charts, key words, history, background, outlines, and links to help you study Paul’s letter to the Romans.

Bible Study: Romans: Justification by Faith


Jump to: Background; ** Maps; ** Key Words; ** Encyclopedias; ** Commentaries; ** Articles; ** GotQuestions ** Next **

Romans Basics

  • Author: Apostle Paul (never doubted)
  • Who was Paul?
  • Audience: mixed community of Jews and Greeks
  • Occasion and Date: From Corinth, c. 57 AD, near the end of 3rd missionary journey
  • Purpose: To explain the gospel and introduce himself to the Romans before visiting them

Literary outline of Romans

A “diatribe” is the creation of an imaginary dialogue. Diatribe was a standard form of classroom teaching in the ancient near east. A diatribe typically contained:

  • apostrophe (exclamation): Rom 2:1; Rom 3:17.
  • rhetorical questions: Rom 2:3-4; Rom 2:21-23; Rom 7:1; Rom 8:31-35; Rom 9:19-21; Rom 9:30; Rom 10:14-15; Rom 11:34-35.
  • questions answered by abrupt answers, e.g. ‘by no means’: Rom 3:2-9; Rom 6:1-2; Rom 6:15; Rom 7:7; Rom 7:13; Rom 11:1; Rom 11:11.
  • hyperbole: Rom 8:27-29; Rom 9:3.
  • lists of vices and virtues: Rom 1:29-31.
  • examples from the past: Rom 4:1-25.
  • citations of written texts as authorities: Rom 9:1-11:36.

Classical structure of a diatribe

  • a statement of the main thesis (e.g. “every person is free”)
  • a demonstration by means of antithesis (e.g. how vice leads to slavery)
  • a restatement of the main thesis
  • a demonstration of the thesis by example (e.g. that someone was free because of his moral virtue even though he was a slave)
  • an exposition of the thesis, often drawing on written works
  • an answering of objections to the thesis (e.g. to the objection “aren’t there virtuous people who are prisoners?”

Romans as a diatribe

  • Thesis – Rom 1:16-17
  • antithesis – Rom 1:18-3:20
  • restatement of thesis – Rom 3:21-31
  • demonstration by example – Rom 4:1-25
  • exposition of thesis – Rom 5:1-21
  • answering objections – Rom 6:1-8:39
  • further exposition drawing on OT texts – Rom 9:1-11:36

Genre: Understanding Epistles

Section 1: Background

Background & Outlines

Romans Study Text NASB

Romans Study Test ESV

Map of NT Churches

Chronology of Paul

Blue Letter Bible: Chronology of Acts/Epistles

Bible Atlas: Rome

Blue Letter Bible: Romans Outline

Ray C. Stedman: Overview of the Book

John MacArthur: Author, Date, Background

Charles Swindoll: Romans Introduction

Chalres Swindoll: Romans Overview Chart

Romans at a Glance (WitW)

Romans Chapter Summary (WitW)

Paul’s use of the Old Testament

ESV: Introduction to Romans

ESV: The Global Message of Romans

NIV: Introduction to Romans

James Van Dine: Intro to Romans

David Malick (Bible.org): An Argument Of The Book Of Romans

Section 2: Maps

Maps

Journeys

Paul’s Conversion and Early Ministry– Holman Bible Atlas

Paul’s 1st Journey – Bible-History.com

1st Missionary Journey of Paul– Holman Bible Atlas

Paul’s 2nd Journey – Bible-History.com

2nd Missionary Journey of Paul– Holman Bible Atlas

Paul’s 3rd Journey – Bible-History.com

3rd Missionary Journey of Paul– Holman Bible Atlas

Paul’s Journeys– Holman Bible Atlas

Paul’s Arrest and Imprisonment– Holman Bible Atlas

Paul’s Voyage to Rome– Holman Bible Atlas

Pentecost and the Jewish Diaspora– Holman Bible Atlas

Apostles’ Journeys – Bible-History.com

Geography

Israel in New Testament Times – Bible-History.com

New Testament Jerusalem – Bible-History.com

Herod the Great’s Kingdom – Bible-History.com

Herod’s Kingdom Divided – Bible-History.com

The Kingdom of Herod Agrippa I – Holman Bible Atlas

The Kingdom of Agrippa II– Holman Bible Atlas

Expansion of the Early Church in Palestine– Holman Bible Atlas

Section 3: Key Words

Key Words in Romans

Occurrences are based on New American Standard Text. “4x/3v” means the word appears 4 times in 3 verses. “3x” means the word appears 3 times in 3 verses.

God (160x/128v); Christ (66x)

law (77x/50v) – Strong’s G3551 in Rom 2:12; Rom 2:13; Rom 2:14; Rom 2:15; Rom 2:17; Rom 2:18; Rom 2:20; Rom 2:23; Rom 2:25; Rom 2:26; Rom 2:27; Rom 3:19; Rom 3:20; Rom 3:21; Rom 3:27; Rom 3:28; Rom 3:31; Rom 4:13; Rom 4:14; Rom 4:15; Rom 4:16; Rom 5:13; Rom 5:20; Rom 6:14; Rom 6:15; Rom 7:1; Rom 7:2; Rom 7:3; Rom 7:4; Rom 7:5; Rom 7:6; Rom 7:7; Rom 7:8; Rom 7:9; Rom 7:12; Rom 7:14; Rom 7:16; Rom 7:22; Rom 7:23; Rom 7:25; Rom 8:2; Rom 8:3; Rom 8:4; Rom 8:7; Rom 9:4; Rom 9:31; Rom 10:4; Rom 10:5; Rom 13:8; Rom 13:10. Strong’s G460 in Rom 2:12 (2x).

sin (45x/37v) – Strong’s G266 in Rom 3:9; Rom 3:20; Rom 4:8; Rom 5:12; Rom 5:13; Rom 5:20; Rom 5:21; Rom 6:1; Rom 6:2; Rom 6:6; Rom 6:7; Rom 6:10; Rom 6:11; Rom 6:12; Rom 6:13; Rom 6:14; Rom 6:15; Rom 6:16; Rom 6:17; Rom 6:18; Rom 6:20; Rom 6:22; Rom 6:23; Rom 7:7; Rom 7:8; Rom 7:9; Rom 7:11; Rom 7:13; Rom 7:14; Rom 7:17; Rom 7:20; Rom 7:23; Rom 7:25; Rom 8:2; Rom 8:3; Rom 8:10; Rom 14:23.

death (25x/23v) – Strong’s G2288 in Rom 1:32; Rom 5:10; Rom 5:12; Rom 5:14; Rom 5:17; Rom 5:21; Rom 6:3; Rom 6:4; Rom 6:5; Rom 6:9; Rom 6:10; Rom 6:16; Rom 6:21; Rom 6:23; Rom 7:5; Rom 7:10; Rom 7:13; Rom 7:24; Rom 8:2; Rom 8:6; Rom 8:13; Rom 8:36; Rom 8:38.

dead (17x/16v) – Strong’s G3498 in Rom 1:4; Rom 4:17; Rom 4:19; Rom 4:24; Rom 6:4; Rom 6:9; Rom 6:11; Rom 6:13; Rom 7:4; Rom 7:8; Rom 8:10; Rom 8:11; Rom 10:7; Rom 10:9; Rom 11:15; Rom 14:9.

faith (40x/35v) – Strong’s G4102 in Rom 1:5; Rom 1:8; Rom 1:12; Rom 1:17; Rom 3:22; Rom 3:25; Rom 3:26; Rom 3:27; Rom 3:28; Rom 3:30; Rom 3:31; Rom 4:5; Rom 4:9; Rom 4:11; Rom 4:12; Rom 4:13; Rom 4:14; Rom 4:16; Rom 4:19; Rom 4:20; Rom 5:1; Rom 5:2; Rom 9:30; Rom 9:32; Rom 10:6; Rom 10:8; Rom 10:17; Rom 11:20; Rom 12:3; Rom 12:6; Rom 14:1; Rom 14:2; Rom 14:22; Rom 14:23; Rom 16:26.

righteousness (35x/30v) – Strong’s G1343 in Rom 1:17; Rom 3:5; Rom 3:21; Rom 3:22; Rom 3:25; Rom 3:26; Rom 4:3; Rom 4:5; Rom 4:6; Rom 4:9; Rom 4:11; Rom 4:13; Rom 4:22; Rom 5:17; Rom 5:18; Rom 5:21; Rom 6:13; Rom 6:16; Rom 6:18; Rom 6:19; Rom 6:20; Rom 8:10; Rom 9:30; Rom 9:31; Rom 10:3; Rom 10:4; Rom 10:5; Rom 10:6; Rom 10:10; Rom 14:17.

unrighteousness (6x/5v) – Strong’s G93 in Rom 1:18; Rom 1:29; Rom 2:8; Rom 3:5; Rom 6:13.

justification (3x) – Strong’s G1347 in Rom 4:25; Rom 5:16; Rom 5:18. justify (1x) – Strong’s G1344 in Rom 3:30.

Spirit/spirit (34x/27v) – Strong’s G4151 in Rom 1:4; Rom 1:9; Rom 2:29; Rom 5:5; Rom 7:6; Rom 8:2; Rom 8:4; Rom 8:5; Rom 8:6; Rom 8:9; Rom 8:10; Rom 8:11; Rom 8:13; Rom 8:14; Rom 8:15; Rom 8:16; Rom 8:23; Rom 8:26; Rom 8:27; Rom 9:1; Rom 11:8; Rom 12:11; Rom 14:17; Rom 15:13; Rom 15:16; Rom 15:19; Rom 15:30.

flesh (26x/22v) – Strong’s G4561 in Rom 1:3; Rom 2:28; Rom 3:20; Rom 4:1; Rom 6:19; Rom 7:5; Rom 7:14; Rom 7:18; Rom 7:25; Rom 8:3; Rom 8:4; Rom 8:5; Rom 8:6; Rom 8:7; Rom 8:8; Rom 8:9; Rom 8:12; Rom 8:13; Rom 9:3; Rom 9:5; Rom 9:8; Rom 13:14.

grace (21x/18v) – Strong’s G5485 in Rom 1:5; Rom 1:7; Rom 3:24; Rom 4:16; Rom 5:2; Rom 5:15; Rom 5:17; Rom 5:20; Rom 5:21; Rom 6:1; Rom 6:14; Rom 6:15; Rom 11:6; Rom 12:3; Rom 12:6; Rom 15:15; Rom 16:20; Rom 16:24.

life (18x) – Strong’s G2222 in Rom 2:7; Rom 4:17; Rom 5:10; Rom 5:17; Rom 5:18; Rom 5:21; Rom 6:4; Rom 6:10; Rom 6:22; Rom 6:23; Rom 7:10; Rom 8:2; Rom 8:6; Rom 8:11; Rom 8:38; Rom 11:3; Rom 11:15; Rom 16:4.

wrath (12x/10v) – Strong’s G3709 in Rom 1:18; Rom 2:5; Rom 2:8; Rom 3:5; Rom 4:15; Rom 5:9; Rom 9:22; Rom 12:19; Rom 13:4; Rom 13:5.

judgment (9x/8v) – Strong’s G2919 in Rom 2:1; Rom 2:3; Strong’s G2917 in Rom 2:2; Rom 2:3; Rom 5:16; Strong’s G1341 in Rom 2:5; Strong’s G4993 in Rom 12:3; Strong’s G1253 in Rom 14:1; Strong’s G968 in Rom 14:10. Note 6 different Greek words translated judgment.

Section 5: Commentaries

Commentaries

Top 5 Commentaries on Romans – Ligonier.org

Best Commentaries on Romans – Tim Challies

Commentary Reviews: Romans

Calvin’s Commentary on the Bible: Romans

Matthew Henry’s Complete Complete Commentary on the Bible: Romans

Albert Barnes Notes on the Whole Bible: Romans

Alford Exegetical Commentary: Romans

Hodge’s Commentary on Romans

Geneva Study Bible: Romans

Reformation Study Bible Notes: Romans

Precept Austin Commentaries & Sermons: Romans

Jack Crabtree: Romans Sermons 2009

Section 4: Encyclopedias

Dictionaries & Encyclopedias

Letter

Baker’s Evangelical Dictionary: Romans, Theology of

Holman Bible Dictionary: Romans, Book of

Hastings’ Dictionary of the Bible: Romans, Epistle to

McClintock and Strong: Romans, Epistle to

International Standard Bible Encyclopedia: Romans, Epistle to

Kitto’s Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature: Romans, Epistle

Rome

Rome – Baker’s Evangelical Dictionary of Biblical Theology

Rome and the Roman Empire – Holman Bible Dictionary

Paul

Baker’s Evangelical Dictionary: Paul the Apostle

Bridgeway Bible Dictionary: Paul

Easton’s Bible Dictionary: Paul

Fausset Bible Dictionary: Paul

Holman Bible Dictionary: Paul

Hastings’ Dictionary of the Bible: Paul the Apostle

Kitto’s Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature: Paul

Morrish Bible Dictionary: Paul

International Standard Bible Encyclopedia: Paul, the Apostle

McClintock and Strong: Paul

The Nuttall Encyclopedia: Paul

The Jewish Encyclopedia:

Timothy

American Tract Society: Timothy

Baker’s Evangelical Dictionary:

Bridgeway Bible Dictionary: Timothy

Easton’s Bible Dictionary: Timothy

Fausset Bible Dictionary: Timothy

Holman Bible Dictionary: Timothy

Hastings’ Dictionary of the Bible: Timothy

Kitto’s Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature: Timothy

Morrish Bible Dictionary: Timotheus, Timothy

International Standard Bible Encyclopedia: Timothy

McClintock and Strong: Timothy

The Nuttall Encyclopedia: Timothy

Timothy in Acts:  Acts 16:1-3; Acts 17:14-15; Acts 18:5; Acts 19:22; Acts 20:4

Section 6: Articles

Articles

Battle, John A. “Paul’s Use of the Old Testament in Romans 9:25-26

Dockery, David S. “Romans 7:14-25: Pauline Tension in the Christian Life,”

Garlington, D. B. “The Obedience of Faith in the Letter to the Romans: Part I:

Garlington, D. B. “The Obedience of Faith in the Letter to the Romans: Part II:

Garlington, D. B. “The Obedience of Faith in the Letter to the Romans: Part III:

Garlington, D. B. “The Obedience of Faith in the Letter to the Romans: Part III(b):

Hugenberger, Gordon. Homosexuality

Lamp, Jeffrey S. “Paul, the Law, Jews, and Gentiles: A Contextual and Exegetical Reading of Romans 2:12-16,”

Longacre, Robert E. and Wilber B. Wallis. “Soteriology and Eschatology in Romans,”

Merkle, Ben L. “Romans 11 and the Future of Ethnic Israel,”

Rapinchuk, Mark. “Universal Sin and Salvation in Romans 5:12-21

Reid, Marty L. “A Consideration of the Function of Ro 1:8-15 in Light of Greco-Roman Rhetoric

Turner, David L. “Cornelius Van Til and Romans 1:18-21

Young, Richard A. “The Knowledge of God in Romans 1:18-23: Exegetical and Theological Reflections

Robert Gromacki: ISRAEL: Her Past, Present, and Future – Romans 9–11

David Hocking: The Importance of the Modern State of Israel

David Hocking: Israel’s Disobedience and the Sovereignty of God

David Larsen: The Postmodern Abandonment of Israel

David Larsen: Tracing The Critical Steps in the Establishment of the Modern State of Israel in 1948

Thomas McCall: Israel: From Gaza to Eternity

Thomas McCall: Palestine vs. Israel as the Name of the Holy Land

Thomas McCall: The Evangelical Defection from Modern Israel

David Reagan: The Evil of Replacement Theology: Its Origin, History, and Contemporary Relevance

Andrew Robinson: Comfort My People: 19th Century British Evangelicalism and the Restoration of Israel

Greg Koukl: Paul, Romans and Homosexuality

Aaron Morris: The Plain Sense(s) of Scripture: Questioning interpretive singularity in Galatians 3 and Romans 4

Daniel B. Wallace: May Women be Deacons? A Prelude to Dialogue

Daniel B. Wallace: Junia Among the Apostles: The Double Identification Problem in Romans 16:7

Translations

Jack Crabtree: Romans Translations

FF Bruce Expanded Paraphrase:

Romans 1:1-3:20 – The Epistle to the Romans: An Expanded Paraphrase

Romans 3:21-4:25 – The Epistle to the Romans: An Expanded Paraphrase

Romans 6:1 – 7:25 The Epistle to the Romans: An Expanded Paraphrase

Romans 9:1- 11:36 – The Epistle to the Romans: An Expanded Paraphrase

Romans 12:1-16:27 – The Epistle to the Romans: An Expanded Paraphrase

GotQuestions.org

Treat like any commentary: read carefully and thoughtfully.

Book of Romans – Bible Survey

What are the Pauline epistles?

Who was Paul in the Bible?

What does it mean to not be ashamed of the Gospel (Romans 1:16)?

What does “from faith to faith” mean in Romans 1:17?

Why did Paul say the gospel brings salvation to the Jew first and then the Gentile?

What does it mean to have a reprobate mind?

Does Romans 2:7 teach works salvation?

What is circumcision of the heart?

What does it mean that no one seeks God?

What are the works of the law (Romans 3:20; Galatians 2:16)?

What does it mean that all have sinned?

What does it mean that the wages of sin is death?

What is justification?

What is meant by “call those things which are not as though they were” (Romans 4:17)?

What is Christian reconciliation? Why do we need to be reconciled with God?

What does it mean to be dead to sin?

Is Romans 7:14-25 describing a believer or an unbeliever?

What does it mean that there is no condemnation in Christ (Romans 8:1)?

What is the law of sin and death (Romans 8:2)?

What does it mean that Jesus came in the likeness of sinful flesh?

What is the Spirit of adoption (Romans 8:15)?

What does it mean to be co-heirs/joint-heirs with Christ (Romans 8:17)?

What does it mean that all creation groans (Romans 8:22)?

What does it mean that all things work together for good (Romans 8:28)?

What does “if God is for us, who can be against us” mean in Romans 8:31?

What does it mean that we are more than conquerors (Romans 8:37)?

What is predestination? Is predestination biblical?

What are principalities and powers?

What should we learn from the symbolism of the potter and clay in the Bible?

Why did God love Jacob and hate Esau (Malachi 1:3; Romans 9:13)?

What does it mean that Christians are not under the law?

Is public confession necessary for salvation (Romans 10:9-10)?

Why was Paul called the apostle to the Gentiles?

What does it mean that the church has been grafted in Israel’s place?

Will all Israel be saved in the end times?

What does it mean to be a living sacrifice?

What does it mean to not conform to the pattern of this world (Romans 12:2)?

What does it mean to be transformed by the renewing of the mind?

What is a measure of faith (Romans 12:3)?

How can I overcome evil with good (Romans 12:21)?

Was the American Revolution a violation of Romans 13:1-7?

What does it mean that love is the fulfillment of the law in Romans 13:8?

What does it mean that we are not to cause others to stumble?

What does it mean to put on Christ in Romans 13:14?

What are the disputable matters in Romans 14:1?

What does it mean and when will it happen that every knee shall bow?

Was Junia/Junias a female apostle?

Section 8: Next

Next: 1 Corinthians

Previous: Acts

Series: Resources by Book

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